Balloon catheter and method for manufacturing

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a balloon for a catheter. The manufacturing of the balloon comprises providing of mold which has a mold cavity corresponding to an intended expanded form of the balloon member; placing opposite ends of a tube-like semimanufacture (parison) into securing elements for the purpose of securing their opposite end sections in the mold cavity; heating the semimanufacture; and generating a pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the semimanufacture to expand the balloon member against the walls of the mold cavity. In the molding, the end sections of the semimanufacture are twisted about an angle in relation to each other so that helical ridges are formed in balloon transition sections.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This is a division of application Ser. No. 08/612,340, filed Mar. 7,1996 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,415.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a balloon catheter,in particular a balloon catheter with a very large balloon, as in knownfrom U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,906,244 or 5,041,125.

The balloon for such a balloon catheter is made up of a central sectionwith transition sections narrowing down to tube-like end sections onboth ends thereof. The balloon is usually manufactured by means ofblow-molding a tube-like parison or semi-manufacture. The wall of thesemi-manufacture is relatively thick, so that sufficient material isavailable for the central section which is to be expanded.

In each transition section, the wall thickness decreases from that ofthe tube-like end section to that of the expanded central section.However, the wall of the transition section close to the end section isconsequently still relatively thick, which considerably impedes thefolding of the balloon into a small diameter. This folding into a smalldiameter is desirable, however, in order to be able to introduce theballoon catheter properly into a patient.

What is more, the wall thickness in the transition section does, ingeneral, not decrease uniformly. There will be sections with arelatively thick wall separated from each other by sections with arelatively thin wall. This further impedes the folding of the ballooninto a small diameter.

An object of the invention is to provide a balloon catheter and a methodfor manufacturing such a balloon catheter, resulting in a balloon whichcan be properly folded into a small diameter.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This aim is achieved by blow-molding the balloon while the parison is inaxially twisted condition in the mold. By this, ridges of materialextending spirally from the end section are formed on blow moldingexpansion in the transition section of the balloon member, where thewalls are thicker than the wall of the central section. As a result, thetransition section can be folded together very easily into a smalldiameter.

The tube-like parison or semi-manufacture is preferably manufactured byextrusion, and may be prestretched before it is received in the mold, toobtain the optimum properties required for the ensuing blow-moldingprocess.

An advantageous further development is characterized by heating andexpanding said balloon member, and transferring said heated, expandedballoon member to a second blow mold where its final shape is provided.Thus, the blow-molding process is carried out into two stages. Anoptimum distribution of material can thus be achieved in the endproduct.

During the blow molding, including both of the blow molding steps wherea two step process is used, the end sections of the parison and balloonare axially twisted relative to each other to a degrees of about 90° to1440° (four complete twists), for example about 270 degrees, by placingthe tubular parison that forms the balloon member into axially twistedconfiguration. During blow molding, a number of evenly distributedspiral ridges of material is spontaneously obtained. There areapproximately 5 to 15 of them created by this process for example, tenridges.

Specifically the tubular parison may be twisted to an angle which isdependent upon the length of the balloon member produced. The originaltubing from which the parison is formed may be 37 cm. in length, forexample. The tubing is formed, stretched, and then cut to provide aballoon portion which is inserted into the blow mold. If the balloon is8 cm. long, the total angle of twist of the 37 cm. tubing may be about90°. If the balloon is 2 cm. long, the tubing may be twisted fourcomplete times, so that a similar angle of twist is provided in both the8 cm. balloon and the 2 cm. balloon. However, other angles of twist maybe used as well.

A further advantageous development is characterized by turning the endsections in the direction that causes the semi-manufacture or parison tobe twisted in the direction of a clockwise helix.

As a result of twisting, the ridges of material extend out in a spiralpattern. Thus, the introduction of the catheter into the patient, andthe removal thereof later on, can be facilitated by rotating thecatheter about its longitudinal axis. The spiral ridges of material inthe folded balloon state extend in a helical pattern and support, onrotation, the movement in a longitudinal direction by a screw action.

The invention also relates to and provides a balloon cathetermanufactured in accordance with the method as characterized. The balloonmember comprises a central section with transition sections extending totube-like end sections. By this invention, at least one of thetransition sections comprise spirally extending ridges of materialextending from the end sections toward the central section.

An advantageous small diameter of the balloon member of this inventioncan be achieved by the central section and the transition sections,folded in pleats against each other in a small diameter, foldedconfiguration. The pleats are formed by and comprise the spirallyarranged ridges of material. A very gradual transition without bulges isachieved from the end sections to the folded central section.

Additional advantageous properties and advantages of the invention willbecome apparent upon reading the following description of an example ofan embodiment with reference to the attached drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a catheter manufactured with the method according to theinvention in a partly broken away perspective view;

FIG. 2 illustrates schematically one step of the method according to theinvention;

FIG. 3 is a large-scale perspective view of the balloon member of thecatheter of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a front elevational view of the balloon member of FIG. 3 inthe direction as indicated by arrow IV of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the balloon member of FIG. 3 in thefolded state;

FIG. 6 shows a cross-section along the line VI--VI of FIG. 5; and

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the folded balloon catheter of FIG. 6being advanced through an introducer catheter.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

The catheter 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a tube-like basic tubular body2 which has been assembled from an outer tube-like element 3, in acentral lumen in which an inner tube-like element 4 has been received.The tube-like element 4 also comprises a lumen.

At the proximal end of the catheter 1 a connecting element 8 has beenarranged. This connecting element 8 has two connections 5 and 6. Theconnection 5 is connected with the lumen of the inner tube-like element4, and the connection 6 is connected with the lumen of the outertube-like element 3, that is to say, a channel with annularcross-section formed by the space outside of inner tube-like element 4and inside the lumen of the outer tube-like element 3.

As can be seen in the figure, a known closure 7 can be provided to theconnection 6.

At the distal end of the catheter 1 is a balloon member 9. This may be aballoon with a relatively large inflated diameter such as 15-30 mm.

The balloon member 9 has a tubular central section 10 with transitionsections 11 on either side turning into end sections 12.

The balloon member 9 has been manufactured in a blow-molding process bythe method according to the invention. This step will be explained ingreater detail with reference to FIG. 2.

In FIG. 2, a mold 15 has been illustrated schematically, comprising twomold sections 16, 17. In the mold sections 16 and 17, a mold cavity 18has been provided, the shape of which corresponds with that of theintended expanded form of the balloon member to be manufactured. Atopposite ends this mold cavity 18 forms securing elements 19. In thesecuring elements 19 the end sections 21 of a tube-like parison orsemi-manufacture 20 are secured.

As is indicated by the arrows, the semi-manufacture 20 is twisted beforeit is received in the mold 15. For this purpose the end sections 21 aretwisted over a certain angle in relation to each other. A typicallysuitable angle is one of 270°.

After receiving the semi-manufacture 20 in the mold 15, a pressuredifference between the inside and the outside of the semi-manufacture 20is generated by blowing in a conventional manner not explained ingreater detail here, for instance by connecting the bore defined insidethe semi-manufacture 20 to a source of gas under pressure. At the sametime the semi-manufacture is heated to a temperature higher than itssoftening temperature, so that it will be "blown up". The inflatedsection of the semi-manufacture 20 arranges itself against the wall ofthe mold cavity 18 and thus obtains its intended, expanded form.

Next, one can allow the semi-manufacture to cool down, while theexpanded form is retained under pressure. Because of the flexibility ofthe material of which the semi-manufacture has been made, which is aplastic material such as nylon, the balloon member formed can then becollapsed, folded, and expanded again afterwards by increasing thepressure inside.

FIG. 3 is a large-scale drawing of the balloon member thus formed.Because the semi-manufacture 20 has been received in the mold 15 in thetwisted manner described above, ridges of material 22 have been formedin the transition sections 11 extending spirally inwardly from the endsections 12. The ridges of material 22 are relatively thick, whereas thematerial in between is stretched out and thinner. The ridges of material22 have been shown once more in FIG. 4 for the sake of clarity.

The ridges of material 22 can, to a certain extent, be compared with thespokes of an umbrella. They can fold against each other, whereby thethinner material in between is folded into pleats. Thus, in foldedstate, a small diameter can be achieved.

This folded state is illustrated in the FIGS. 5 up to and including 7.

As can be seen in the FIGS. 5 and 6, the central section 10 and thetransition sections 11 are folded in pleats against the inner tube-likeelement 4 of the basic body 2. The folds 24 fit closely together andsubstantially coincide with the fan-shaped ridges of material 22.

As can be seen in FIG. 5 as well that the outer tube-like element 3 ofthe basic body 2 is shorter than the inner tube-like element 4. Therelatively proximal end section 12 of the balloon member 9 is connectedwith the end of the outer tube-like element 3, whereas the relativelydistal end section 12a of the balloon member 9 is connected with theinner tube-like element 4. The inside of the balloon member 9 istherefore connected via the remaining channel with the annularcross-section inside the outer tube-like element 3 and outside of tube 4with the connection 5 of the connecting member 8. By supplying via thisconnection a gas or liquid under pressure, the balloon 9 can be unfoldedinto its expanded form. This occurs following introduction of thecatheter into a patient for the purpose of dilation or occlusion of ablood vessel.

Introduction occurs in the usual manner via a conventional introducersheath 26, which has been illustrated schematically in FIG. 7. Thisintroducer sheath 26 can have a relatively small inside diameter, as theballoon member 9 can be folded into a small diameter and because nobulges are formed at the transition sections as a result of unevenlydistributed material.

As a result of the ridges of material extending in a spiral shapedmanner and the closely fitting folds, sections with a helically shapedprofile are formed on either side of the balloon member. By rotating thecatheter in a suitable manner, as indicated by arrow 27, a certain force28 can be generated with screw action by ridges 22, which facilitatesthe introduction of the catheter. Also the removal of the catheter cantake place smoothly by applying a correct rotation.

Although the method according to the invention is explained withreference to FIG. 2, in which a balloon member is formed in one singleblow-molding step, it is also possible to achieve the same in moresteps. A first initiation can, for example, be carried out in the formof a limited expansion in order to obtain a second semi-manufacture witha suitable material distribution. This second semi-manufacture can thenbe expanded in a second blow-molding step to obtain the intendedultimate form. In that case the suitable material distribution isachieved during the first step by the right choice of mold cavity of themold in which this step is performed.

The ridges 22 thus formed in the mold may not be produced by anycorresponding ridges in the mold, but may be produced purely by thetwisting of the parison.

The above has been offered for illustrative purposes only, and is notintended to limit the scope of the claims below.

That which is claimed:
 1. A balloon which comprises a tubular centralsection and, when inflated, frustoconical transition sections on eitherend of the central section connecting with tubular end sections of lessdiameter than the central section, said transition sections comprisingspiral ridges of material extending from each end section toward thecentral section, and in which, in deflated condition, the centralsection and the transition sections are folded in pleats as urged bysaid spiral ridges.
 2. The balloon of claim 1 in which, in said delatedcondition, said pleats comprise folded wall sections extending alongmost of the length of said balloon, said folded wall sections comprisingthree separate, connected wall portions lying together in threegenerally parallel, circumferentially extending layers in a wallsection, to substantially reduce the diameter of said deflated balloonwhen compared with said balloon in fully inflated condition.
 3. Theballoon of claim 2 in which said spiral ridges are of differing shapesand of uneven distribution.
 4. The balloon of claim 1 in which saidspiral ridges are of differing shapes and uneven distribution.
 5. Theballoon of claim 4 in which each transition section comprises betweenfive and fifteen spiral ridges.
 6. A tubular catheter balloon comprisinga flexible, tubular wall, in which, in deflated condition, said balloonwall comprises folded wall sections extending along most of the lengthof said balloon, said folded wall sections comprising three separate,connected wall portions lying together in three generally parallel,circumferentially extending layers in a wall section, to substantiallyreduce the diameter of said deflated balloon when compared with saidballoon in fully inflated condition.
 7. The catheter balloon of claim 6in which said balloon defines tubular ends of reduced diameter whencompared with the remainder of said balloon in fully inflated condition,and a generally frustoconical transition section adjacent each balloonend connecting each reduced-diameter end with a central balloon portion,said transition section defining generally spirally arranged ridges ofdiffering shapes and uneven distribution.
 8. A tubular catheter balloon,said balloon comprising a flexible, tubular wall capable of assuming aninflated condition and a deflated condition, said balloon in inflatedcondition defining a generally frustoconical transition section adjacenteach balloon end connecting a reduced-diameter balloon end with acentral balloon portion, said transition section defining generallyspirally arranged ridges of differing shapes and uneven distribution. 9.The balloon of claim 1 wherein the ridges of material are substantiallyevenly distributed around the circumference of the transition section.